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The paper discusses the "green" goals of the Belt and Road Initiative and suggests tools for achieving those goals, including binding environmental guidelines, voluntary programs and industry-led …
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Understanding habitat quality patterns and their drivers in arid zones is of fundamental importance to the sustainability maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems, but remains elusive. Here, we applied the InVEST model to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of habitat quality in the northern sand-prevention belt (NSPB) across five time …
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Beyond the impacts described above, BRI infrastructures will boost the extraction and use of raw materials, such as sand and limestone for production of …
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As of December 2021, China has signed more than 200 cooperation documents on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) with 145 countries and 32 international …
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What we know about the environmental effects of the belt and Road Initiative (BRI) The BRI and its effects on global trade and infrastructure have been the subject of numerous scholarly articles. Due to the scope of the project, studying how it can affect the environment is crucial.
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The YREB is a giant basin economic belt with the largest population, industrial scale, and the most complete urban system in the world and runs through the eastern, central, and regions of China (Chen et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2021).The YREB covers an area of 2.05 million km 2, accounting for 1/5 of the total land area of China …
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The Commons Library briefing Green Belt, October 2022, sets out current Green Belt planning policy and some of the recent concern and controversy about the Green Belt.It covers how it is treated the Planning for the Future (2020) and Levelling Up White Paper (2022). It also covers the Levelling Up and Regeneration Bill 2022-23.It …
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The economic impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic and global inflation caused by the Russia-Ukraine War also slowed progress on projects, exacerbated financial difficulties, and made BRI loans even more unsustainable. Pakistan, for example, has struggled to make external payments, as one-fourth of its total debt is owed to China.
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Sand and dust storms (SDS) play an integral role in the Earth system but they also present a range of hazards to the environmental and economic sustainability of human society. These hazards are of considerable importance for residents of dryland environments and also affect people beyond drylands because wind erosion can occur in most …
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Using the financial market data of 35 countries along the Belt and Road (B&R), this paper constructs an imported financial risk network based on the conditional expected shortfall (CoES) to measure the systemic financial risk of the countries along the B&R. Furthermore, complex network theory is combined with spatial econometrics to …
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The northern sand-prevention belt (NSPB) is an important ecologically fragile area in China, which has a large influence on the ecological security of the entire country. Based on the land use data of the NSPB in 2000, 2010, and 2018, we studied the spatio-temporal characteristics of land-use change and change in landscape patterns.
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Introduction. In 2013, President Xi Jinping of the People's Republic of China made an announcement that marked the start of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the largest and most ambitious global infrastructure initiative ever planned (Hughes et al. Citation 2020).This development strategy connects nearly 70 countries across Asia, …
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Water Week 2018, the Impacts of sand mining on ecosystem structure, ... such as the Belt & Road Initiative, consume more and more sand. And the impacts are certainly cause for concern.
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Their analysis of U.K. green belt impacts and issues identifies key concerns, and concentrates on the debate between preservation and development. Much useful information is provided, such as on the rate of green belt loss. The book is most useful for those interested in the history of U.K. green belts and the debate over their …
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These effects occur via various channels, such as the foreign capital flows and international trade, which exploit lax enforcement of financial and environmental regulations in host countries. The BRI led by China also established financial institutions to provide aids and low-interest loans to member states.
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If 60 per cent of green belt land close to train stations could be developed for housing at low average densities (40 dwellings per hectare), this would allow for more infrastructure and the protection of land most valuable to …
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Researchers describe future changes to the tropical rain belt with expected climate change. The changes will cause droughts in large sections of the globe, threatening biodiversity and food security.
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Changes in land use and landscapes have a direct impact on the regional eco-environment. It is of great importance to understand the change pattern of land use, landscapes, and their mechanism on the ecological quality, especially ecologically fragile areas. The northern sand-prevention belt (NSPB) …
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This study attempts to determine the untapped factors that affect sustainable development in 64 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2006 to 2019. The study employed the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) validated through Two-stage Least Square (2SLS). ... The dynamic impact of financial, technological, and natural ...
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Since its invention, the belt sander has transformed the way in which people work with wood and metal. Thanks to this highly versatile tool, fabricators can quickly and efficiently work in a way that …
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1. Introduction. As national development finance institutions (DFIs), 1 China's policy banks have played an important role in development finance, and their activities have a strong policy orientation. China has become a global infrastructure powerhouse, reflecting the goals of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) [1].China Development Bank (CDB) and …
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China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims to strengthen regional economic and policy cooperation and achieve the rapid development among the participating countries. While the impact on the ...
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In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, two important trends emerged. ... increase consumption and innovation, and lift productivity growth. Externally, it unveiled the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road—referred to here as One Belt, One Road (OBOR)—which is meant to strengthen infrastructure on the ...
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This paper aims at focusing on the main impact of the China belt and road initiative on world politics and economic development. Given that the BRI is a foreign policy launched by the Chinese ...
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Discusses the financial implications in a policy trilemma context; Analyzes the impact of the BRI on this theory, including possible policy options to cope with China's policy trilemma in a structurally more balanced "new normal" economic growth model; Assesses financial stability issues concerning liberalization policies in China
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Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposed in 2013 has received wide research attention in recent years. However, rigorous quantitative studies on BRI's impact on regional financial integration are ...
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More than 60% of the Belt and Road is in semi-arid, arid, desert, or high-altitude zones with very fragile ecosystems (You et al., 2018). Wind and sand storms threaten connectivity and trade. Land degradation threatens land integrity and hinders the improvement of livelihoods (Huang et al., 2020). Combating desertification in countries …
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Beyond the impacts described above, BRI infrastructures will boost the extraction and use of raw materials, such as sand and limestone for production of concrete and cement, and fossil fuels.
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Mining the sand that's still on the conveyor belt certainly has its benefits. "The sand is right at the surface, it's often un-vegetated, it's pre-washed, and [it] usually has a good grain size distribution for use in concrete," says Sickmann. "From the perspective of a single mining site, it can replenish every year and seem limitless."
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Discusses the financial implications in a policy trilemma context; Analyzes the impact of the BRI on this theory, including possible policy options to cope with China's policy trilemma in a structurally more balanced "new …
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