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blister copper even further. In fire refining, blister copper is usually mixed with flux and charged into the furnace, which is maintained at 1100°C (2010°F). Air is blown through the molten mixture to oxidize the copper and any remaining impurities. The impurities are removed as slag. The remaining copper oxide is then subjected to a ...
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Fire refining of blister copper is carried out at 1150–1200 °C either in a rotary furnace (3–5 m diameter and 9–14 m long) or in a reverberatory furnace (12 – 15 …
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At the end of the fire refining, the copper obtained (anodic copper; about 99.5 wt% Cu) is tapped and cast using a casting wheel to produce the anodes.-The anodes are the "raw material" used in electro-refining to obtain commercial copper (99.99 wt% Cu). The efficiency of electro-refining is affected by the anodes' oxygen, sulfur and ...
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The Fire Refining Process offers low operational and maintenance costs due to our state-of-the-art technology and process control. ... In 's Outotec Fire Refining Process, the hot blister copper is charged into an anode furnace for purification. The refining is carried out in batches where the necessary oxidation and reduction stages ...
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Initial compositions of copper scrap ranged between 95 and 99.6% copper, usually with 1000–7000 ppm of total impurities such as lead, zinc, tin, iron, antimony, nickel and silver. After smelting and fire-refining, there were selected the studied samples from different castings, whose compositions are shown in Table I.
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The reduction period of the OBCC process is similar to the reduction period of conventional fire refining of blister copper, in which the Cu 2 O in crude copper is reduced. The main objective of this process is deoxygenation, with limited removal of associated elements. The parameters affecting the reduction period are the slag residue …
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The emission of greenhouse gas -carbon dioxide in the process of fire refining of blister copper has been calculated. The anode melting process consists of several stages where the most important ones are melting of charge, oxidation, and copper melt reduction. Calculations are based on taking into account the mass of burnt carbon …
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Based on a novelty concept of blister copper oxidation and reduction in a packed bed type of reactors the new process of continuous fire refining has been developed. Extensive fundamental research on the kinetic of copper oxidation and reduction, combined with mathematical modeling of the process in the packed bed, showed feasibility of a new …
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The electrorefining process was introduced about a hundred years ago to produce a substitute to fire-refined copper. Today, practically all of the world's copper production (~8,000,000 metric tons/year) is electrorefined, constituting by far the largest electrolytic refining industry. ... F. T. Bennell, Thyristors or Copper Refining, Chem ...
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This requires that the copper be fire refined to remove most of its sulfur and oxygen. Fire refining removes sulfur and oxygen from liquid blister copper by (a) air oxidation removal of sulfur as ...
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The refining of blister copper is based on the partial removal of impurities that have an increased affinity for oxygen. The most interesting is the process of centralized copper …
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The blister copper is recovered and is then subjected to a process called fire refining. In fire refining, air is blown through the copper to oxidize impurities into slag; then wood is added to ...
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The final step consists of fire refining the blister copper to reduce the sulfur and oxygen to even lower levels. This oxidation-reduction process is usually carried out in a separate furnace to ensure that the final smelter …
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We use state-of-the-art technology to refine all types of reclaimed copper and to produce Cu-FRHC (fire-refined, high-conductivity) products that are 99.9 percent pure and meet ASTM B-49 standards. ... 470,000,000 lbs. annual capacity, 250,000,000 lbs. in conjunction with the Refining Furnace.
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A novel method involving a molten Ga flux for the synthesis of diffraction quality crystals of the compound Cu3.82(1)Mo3O12, a copper molybdate in the Lyonsite (α-Cu3Fe4(VO4)6) family, has been ...
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Provided herein is a process of fire refining blister copper, comprising the steps of (a) providing molten blister copper into an anode furnace; (b) when sulfur concentration of the molten blister copper provided in step (a) is above a first prescribed target value, oxidizing sulfur in the molten blister copper by blowing oxygen containing gas into the molten …
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The mining industry has faced significant challenges to maintaining copper production technically, economically, and environmentally viable. Some of the major limitations that must be overcome in the coming years are the copper ore grade decline due to its intense exploitation, the increasing requirements for environmental protection, …
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Copper fire refining is mostly carried out in a rotary refining furnace, blowing gas, such as O. 2, CO. 2, and N. 2, for the removal of sulfur and adding reductants for the removal of oxygen [6,7].
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Part of the expansion plan included the expansion of Chuquicamata's copper refinery from 800,000 to 900,000 tpa of copper cathode (Mining Journal, 2002). BHP Billiton Ltd. owns 57.5% of the ndida mine in Chile which is the world's largest. ... pyrometallurgical treatment by means of fire-refining (e.g., gas poling); (ii) electrolytic ...
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SECONDARY COPPER SMELTING, REFINING, AND ALLOYING Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency OAQPS/TSD/EIB Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 II-103 ... Sauget, Illinois 125,000 fire-refining, electrolytic refining Chemetco Alton, Illinois 135,000 one-stage (top-blown rotary converter) smelting/refining Gaston Recycling …
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Practice of the fire refining of blister copper The fire refining of blister copper is carried out in stationary or rotary refinery aggregates, called anode furnaces, and this is one of the main units in extractive metallurgy of copper. It does initially purification of the blister copper from impurities, except for the precious metals, which ...
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The deposited copper is then separated from the cathode and anode and is replaced by a new block of raw copper at regular intervals for electrolytic copper refining. Properties and Uses of Copper. Copper is a major commercial metal. Some properties of copper are listed below: It has high electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Copper metallurgy encompass four distinct stages; smelting of copper concentrate followed by converting and fire refining to produce anode copper containing 99.5 % copper. The anode copper is converted to refined copper of 99.99 % purity by electro-refining process. Finally this electro refined copper is converted to various downstream …
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Fire refining of blister copper is a singular process at very high temperatures (~1400 K), which means the furnace is exposed to heavy thermal loads. The charge is directly heated by an internal ...
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Table of Contents This report discusses Electrorefining Copper research conducted to increase the rate, deposit purity, and overall efficiency in industrial processes used to electrodeposit and purify metals by increasing substantially the operating current density range and optimizing the deposition process. Traditionally, copper refineries …
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After fire refining, copper is cast to anodes and aqueous electrorefining is used to recover these valuable elements. While largely effective, this later step is the slowest of copper production, and costly. 4 Auxiliary processes are required to handle and treat by-products, but the conventional
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Today, fire refining has been improved greatly by innovative furnace design, new fluxing technologies, and the improved use of oxygen. However, fundamentally, the process chemistry has not changed much in the last millennium. ... This process was employed successfully at the Phelps Dodge Copper Refinery in El Paso, TX for more …
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Challenges in fire refining. The conventional fire refining process consists of an anode furnace capable of treating blister to anode copper through oxidation by air and reduction by reductant e.g. natural gas, LPG or diesel. However, in most cases controlling of the refining cycle is not optimized and Outotec has identified several areas for ...
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Briefly, fire refining consist of the stage of oxidation of impurities and their removal to the slag phase, followed by the reduction of copper oxide in order to obtain the copper anodes with an ...
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The overall energy consumption of primary production processes such as Outokumpu, Inco, and Mitsubishi ranges from 23 to 25 GJ/tonne of copper for the …
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